Bedanya Simple Present dan
Present Continuous Tense
Apa
bedanya simple present dan present continuous? Untuk mengetahui bedanya,
perhatikan gambar dan paragraf pendek di bawah ini. Perhatikan juga kata-kata
yang bercetak miring.
It's 7:30 A.M., and the Wilsons are in their kitchen. Mrs. Wilson is sitting at the breakfast table. She is reading a newspaper. She reads the newspaper every morning. Mr Wilson is pouring a cup of coffee. He drinks two cups of coffee every morning before he goes to work. There is a cartoon on TV, but the children aren't watching it. They are playing with their toys instead. They usually watch cartoons in the morning, but this morning they aren't paying any attention to the TV. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson aren't watching the TV either. They often watch the news in the evening, but they don't watch cartoons. Kesimpulan yang kita peroleh dari paragraf di atas adalah sebagai berikut: Simple Present Berfungsi menyampaikan kegiatan rutin. Contoh kalimat dalam paragraf di atas: She reads the newspaper every morning. Mempunyai pola Subject + Verb 1 (s/es). Present Continuous Berfungsi menyampaikan kegiatan yang dilakukan sekarang. Dalam paragraf di atas, kalimat present continuous tense disesuaikan dengan konteks gambar. Contoh kalimat present continuous dalam paragraf di atas: She is reading a newspaper. Mempunyai pola Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Verb + ing.
It's 7:30 A.M., and the Wilsons are in their kitchen. Mrs. Wilson is sitting at the breakfast table. She is reading a newspaper. She reads the newspaper every morning. Mr Wilson is pouring a cup of coffee. He drinks two cups of coffee every morning before he goes to work. There is a cartoon on TV, but the children aren't watching it. They are playing with their toys instead. They usually watch cartoons in the morning, but this morning they aren't paying any attention to the TV. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson aren't watching the TV either. They often watch the news in the evening, but they don't watch cartoons. Kesimpulan yang kita peroleh dari paragraf di atas adalah sebagai berikut: Simple Present Berfungsi menyampaikan kegiatan rutin. Contoh kalimat dalam paragraf di atas: She reads the newspaper every morning. Mempunyai pola Subject + Verb 1 (s/es). Present Continuous Berfungsi menyampaikan kegiatan yang dilakukan sekarang. Dalam paragraf di atas, kalimat present continuous tense disesuaikan dengan konteks gambar. Contoh kalimat present continuous dalam paragraf di atas: She is reading a newspaper. Mempunyai pola Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Verb + ing.
1. Verb dalam simple
present tense hanya menggambarkan aktivitas atau kejadian yang berulang, atau
rutinitas yang telah terjadi/dilakukan oleh subject kalimat dari dulu sampai
sekarang, besok, dan mungkin sampai seterusnya. (Hal ini sudah dibahas secara
detail di simple present vs past tense). Sebaliknya,
dalam present continuous tense, verb tersebut sedang in action atau in progress
(sedang terjadi atau sedang dilakukan oleh subject kalimat).
Tambah bingung?
Well, sekarang begini:
Kesan apa yang ada
di pikiran kita ketika kita bertanya : “Kamu biasanya ngapain malam Minggu?”
Kemudian, kesan apa
yang ada di pikiran kita ketika kita bilang :”Malam Minggu aku biasanya nonton
TV di rumah”, “Aku ketemu pacarku tiap malam Minggu”, “Aku kadang-kadang nengok
temen-temen”, dst? Kalimat-kalimat yang memiliki kesan seperti ini dalam bahasa
Ingris kita nyatakan dengan simple present tense.
- What do you usually do on Saturday night?
- I usually watch TV at home on Saturday night.
- I meet my girlfriend every Saturday night.
- Sometimes I visit my friends. dst
Sebaliknya, kesan
apa yang ada di pikiran kita ketika kita bertanya: “Kamu lagi (sedang)
ngapain?”.
Kemudian, kesan apa
yang ada di pikiran kita ketika kita bilang : “Aku sedang nonton TV”, “Aku lagi
baca koran neh”, “Aku lagi nulis cerpen”, dst? Kalimat-kalimat yang memiliki
kesan seperti ini dalam bahasa Ingris kita nyatakan dengan present continuous
tense.
- What are you doing?
- I am watching TV.
- I am reading newspapers.
- I am writing a short story. dst
2. Stative verbs
tidak pernah digunakan dalam present continuous tense, dan tensis-tensis
progressive lainnya. Why? Karena sative verbs bersifat pasif, hanya menyatakan
(stating) fakta: apa yang ada di otak (pikiran), apa yang dirasakan, dan apa
yang ditangkap panca indera. Verbs ini tidak aktif melakukan aksi. (Kata-kata
yang tergolong stative verbs dapat dilihat di topik simple
present tense).
Misalnya: hear
(pasif : mendengar) vs listen (aktif: mendengarkan).
- I sometimes hear bad gossips about her. (pasif)
- I sometimes listen to this song. (aktif)
- I am listening to the song now. INCORRECT jika : I am hearing to the song now.
Yang perlu
diperhatikan adalah beberapa stative verbs tersebut juga merupakan verbs yang
aktif melakukan aksi. Misalnya:
Pasif
|
Aktif
|
think (fikir/kira) look (tampak/terlihat) smell (tercium/baunya) taste (terasa) feel (terasa/merasa) | think (memikirkan) look (melihat) smell (menciumi) taste (merasakan/mencicipi) feel (merasakan) |
- I think you will understand the difference between the simple present tense and the present continuous tense soon. (pasif)
- I am confused and I am still thinking of how to differentiate between the simple present tense and the present continuous tense now. (aktif)
- She looks beautiful in her new dress. (pasif)
- She is looking for her new dress hurriedly. (aktif)
- The jasmine smells very fragrant. (pasif)
- She is smelling the jasmine passionately. (aktif)
- The food tastes good. (pasif)
- The chef is tasting the food he is cooking. (aktif)
- The silk feels so soft. (pasif)
- I am feeling the softness of the silk. (aktif)
3. Sebagian besar
stative verbs (khususnya yang terkait dengan panca indera) adalah juga linking
verbs atau copulatives verbs. Linking verbs (termasuk
to be: is, am, are, was, were, be, been) diikuti oleh adjectives
(bukan oleh adverbs), dan adjectives ini menerangkan subject kalimat. Di sini,
linking verbs hanya berfungsi menjembatani adjectives dengan subject, bersifat
pasif, dan tidak aktif melakukan aksi. Dan seperti halnya stative verbs,
linking verbs tidak digunakan dalam present continuous tense, dan tensis-tensis
progressive lainnya.
Contoh:
- She is smart, beautiful, and kind.
- John looks very nervous when girls approach him.
- This fried rice tastes delicious.
- Andre always gets mad every time we talk about his being rejected by girls.
- Adam’s apple becomes obvious when boys reach 17, doesn’t it?
- Don’t panic! Please stay calm!
- I want you to remain silent.
- I love the sound of Balinese gamelan. It sounds great.
- She seems very happy.
- Most people appear relaxed after vacation.
Note: Semua
verb yang dicetak tebal adalah linking/copulative verb dan diikuti oleh
adjective (bukan oleh adverb).
She is being nice to me? Benarkah
kalimat ini? Bukankah sebaiknya ditulis : “She is nice to me”?
Kedua kalimat ini
grammatically correct, tapi memiliki makna yang berbeda. Pada kalimat pertama,
subject she aktif berupaya agar tampak “nice/baik hati” di mata “me”
atau agar object “me” merasa senang. Upaya itu SEDANG dilakukan oleh she
pada saat kalimat ini diucapkan.
She has disliked
me since we were kids. She always says bad things about me. She’s always mean
to me. I don’t understand why she is treating me as if I were a prince now. I
guess she is just being nice to me.
Sebaliknya, kalimat
kedua lebih menyatakan pada fakta/ kesan “nice” yang ada pada she terhadap me.
Kesan “nice” ini ada sejak waktu tertentu di masa lampau, sampai sekarang dan
mungkin sampai seterusnya.
We have been
friends since we were kids. She always says good things about me. She always
treats me well. She is always nice to me. She is the
best. I hope we’re friends forever.
Kesimpulan
- Gunakan simple present tense jika kita membicarakan habitual actions, regular happening, theories, dan facts. Sebaliknya, gunakan present continuous tense jika ingin menyatakan bahwa aktivitas sedang dilakukan atau kejadian sedang terjadi/berlangsung.
- Jangan gunakan present continuous tense jika verb-nya bersifat pasif (i.e. stative verbs dan linking verbs).
Sumber :swarabhaskara.com
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